常用规则设置与布线(89C51为例)
本文概述:
使用Altium Designer绘制89C51的PCB
本文以89C51原理图为例
![原理图](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/WechatIMG31.png)
本文使用的工具
Altium Designer 20.1.8
常用规则设置
AD有比较完善的规则,具体查看在Design->Rules
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/1.png)
电气规则包含短路间距开路,修改, 走线routing,线宽,拓扑结构,角度,差分走线的控制, SMIT,阻焊, Plane,正片和负片的铜皮设置,TestPoint孔,manufacturing器件间距,High Speed,Placement,Signal Integrity相关与信号。 具体如图:
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/2.png)
Electrical 设置
通常我们设置为10mil
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/3.png)
poly设置,新建然后重命名为poly
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/8.png)
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/4.png)
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/5.png)
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/6.png)
修改参数如下图:
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/7.png)
Electrical剩下的参数默认
信号线和电源线
电源线要加粗,高速PCB需要考虑阻抗问题,信号线一般设置为10mil。 创建电源线class规则,命名为PWR
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/11.png)
并将网络添加到class
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/14.png)
加入后,再次进入规则,新建规则,命名为PWR,按照下图进行更改,perfered Width 15-20mil, Min width 15mil,Max 60Mil
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/15.png)
设置阻抗
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/16.png)
设置铺通
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/17.png)
布线
选中要布局的线,按住Alt键,选中,点击ActiveRoute,或采用快捷键Shfit+A即可完成自动布线
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/18.png)
效果图
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/19.png)
并不是所有的都可以用自动布线,有些还是需要手动布线
首先关掉电源
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/20.png)
像这样绘制即可
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/21.png)
晶振部分的Π型连接,同时进行包地处理,晶振是干扰源,进行包地屏蔽
包地不外乎给信号提供最短的回流路径,在高速PCB设计中,包地是为了改善信号不被别的信号干扰,和它本身去干扰别的信号,打地过孔不是越多越好,打地孔的作用,只是通过这个过孔到地平面层,让信号回流路径更短些,以改善信号电平。
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/22.png)
接下来,电源布线,布线顺序从输出再到滤波电容再到供电
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/23.png)
现在只剩电源线了,首先把地关掉,然后布线,最终效果图如下:
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/24.png)
布线结束进行检查,地是否都有过孔。
铺地铜
点击如图按钮,将板框全部框住
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/25.png)
将Top Layer的复制到底层即可
同时需要去除焊盘处的铜皮
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/26.png)
为了加强底的铜的连接,我们打一些过孔,添加缝合过孔
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/27.png)
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/28.png)
最终效果图
![](/2020/05/27/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E7%BA%BF(89C51%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%8B)/29.png)